Diversion is an important vehicle for delivering an alternative model of youth justice, one that is, hopefully, grounded in principles of children’s rights and restorative justice. Several Asia-Pacific countries, often with international assistance, have sought to develop alternative processes and programmes to which children in conflict with the law can be diverted to. In some instances, these have included restorative justice programmes. This article provides an overview of the implementation of a restorative justice approach, as a youth justice diversion measure, in four South-East Asian countries: Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam. It describes juvenile justice reforms in these countries, particularly as they relate to the implementation of diversion and restorative justice and reflects on the factors that may have affected the success of these reforms. Every one of these countries has achieved a measure of success in implementing diversion and restorative justice, although restorative justice has occupied a different place in these reforms. The article offers a general overview of key challenges and notable successes encountered during that process, as well as an opportunity to consider the role of tradition, culture and public expectations in the implementation of restorative justice principles in the context of juvenile justice. |
Search result: 423 articles
Article |
Diversion and restorative justice in the context of juvenile justice reforms in Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam |
Journal | The International Journal of Restorative Justice, Issue Online First 2022 |
Keywords | children’s rights, juvenile justice, restorative justice, diversion, implementation challenges, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines |
Authors | Le Thu Dao, Le Huynh Tan Duy, Ukrit Sornprohm e.a. |
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Article |
Mediation in Greece: The ‘Formal’ and Various ‘Informal’ Types, Off- and OnlineThe Architecture of Mediation in Greece – Shifting towards a Culture That Values Consensus-Building |
Journal | Corporate Mediation Journal, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | mediation, Greece, special forms, mandatory, online, informal types |
Authors | Dimitris Emvalomenos |
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Journal | Corporate Mediation Journal, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | evaluative mediation, deployment, hybrids |
Authors | Martin Brink |
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Part II of this article addresses the question of how evaluative mediation may be used in practice. What guidelines are available to a mediator who considers crossing the line between facilitation and evaluation? |
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Journal | Corporate Mediation Journal, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | international commercial mediation, Belt and Road Initiative, Singapore Convention, China, international dispute resolution |
Authors | Henneke Brink |
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With unfaltering determination, China continues to expand its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This article focuses on the preference that is given to mediation for the resolution of BRI-related disputes. China, Hong Kong and Singapore proclaim that this approach better fits with ‘Asian’ cultural values than adversarial processes like arbitration and litigation. The BRI can be seen as an innovative field lab where mechanisms for international commercial conflict management and resolution are being developed and put to action - and where legitimacy is tested. |
Article |
Preparing Mediators for Text-Based Mediations on ODR Platforms |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | online dispute resolution (ODR), mediation, dispute resolution, alternative dispute resolution (ADR), mediation training, text-based systems |
Authors | Joseph van ’t Hooft, Wan Zhang and Sarah Mader |
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The COIVD-19 pandemic has drawn an increasing level of attention to the role of online dispute resolution (ODR) in dispute resolution systems. As ODR becomes increasingly prevalent, unique characteristics of conducting text-based mediations via ODR platforms begin to surface, warranting discussion on modifying mediator practises to adapt to ODR platforms. This article shines a light on the advantages and disadvantages of text-based mediations through interviews with court administrators and mediators with text-based mediation experience. Accordingly, this article proposes recommendations on training mediators to use ODR platforms and modifying their practises to achieve the best outcomes in text-based mediations. Focusing on the qualitative data and information gathered from these conducted interviews, this article seeks to offer practical advice about preparing mediators to participate in text-based mediations. |
Article |
Negotiating Virtually: Overcoming Challenges Posed by the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | ODR, negotiation, mediation, COVID-19, virtual |
Authors | Alexandra Carlton |
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The emergence of a new virtual world during the COVID-19 pandemic has jeopardized essential elements of the negotiation process. Although online dispute resolution (ODR) may come with some advantages, it also poses significant difficulties, threatening the ability of negotiators to zealously represent their clients’ interests. The shift to a virtual world has hindered parties’ ability to prepare properly, to develop rapport and trust with one another and effectively manage their time, especially for those previously unfamiliar with ODR. This essay proposes solutions to help negotiators overcome the challenges posed by negotiating virtually, during and after COVID-19. Our world has been irrevocably changed, and many of the things that once seemed foreign are here to stay. |
Article |
The Use of Technology (and Other Measures) to Increase Court CapacityA View from Australia |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | court capacity, COVID-19, Australia, online dispute resolution, open justice, procedural fairness, access to justice, online courts, justice technology, judicial function |
Authors | Felicity Bell, Michael Legg, Joe McIntyre e.a. |
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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced courts around the world to embrace technology and other innovative measures in order to continue functioning. This article explores how Australian courts have approached this challenge. We show how adaptations in response to the pandemic have sometimes been in tension with principles of open justice, procedural fairness and access to justice, and consider how courts have attempted to resolve that tension. |
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Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | online dispute resolution (ODR), e-commerce, international dispute resolution, international law, United States, China, European Union, Australia, alternative dispute resolution (ADR), online platforms |
Authors | Teresa Ballesteros |
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This article will examine Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) from several perspectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of the global efforts to incorporate ODR in the e-commerce scope. Upon examining the nature and growth of both e-commercial activities and ODR, there will be an analysis from an international standpoint, where the article will discuss the relevant bodies and the progression of uniform standards in this regard. This is followed by an analysis of several jurisdictions, namely the United States, China, European Union and Australia. Finally, the essay will provide suggestions andrecommendations for the implementation of ODR. |
Article |
Online Mediation and e-commerce (B2B and B2C) Disputes |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | ODR, online Mediation, e-commerce, business-to business (B2B), business-to consumer (B2C) |
Authors | Mariam Skhulukhia |
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Nowadays, electronic commerce plays a significant role in our society as internet transactions continue to grow in the business industry. Electronic commerce mainly refers to commercial transactions, such as business-to-business and business-to-consumer. Disputes are inevitable, part of our lives. Simultaneously by developing technology the need for an effective dispute resolution was obvious. Information communication technology and alternative dispute resolution together created online dispute resolution. Businesses and consumers are actively engaged in online dispute resolution. Therefore, the use of the internet makes business or consumer transactions easier. The online environment is much flexible when it comes to electronic commerce. This article focuses on online mediation, one of the most popular forms of online dispute resolution. |
Article |
AI in the Legal ProfessionTeaching Robot Mediators Human Empathy |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | ADR, AI, ML, mediation, digital technology, value alignment |
Authors | Linda Mochon Senado |
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What benefits do AI technologies introduce to the law and how can lawyers integrate AI tools into their everyday practice and dispute resolution? Can we teach robot mediators to understand human empathy and values to conduct a successful mediation? While the future of AI in the legal profession remains somewhat unknown, it is evident that it introduces valuable tools that enhance legal practice and support lawyers to better serve their clients. This paper discusses the practical ways in which AI is used in the legal profession, while exploring some of the major concerns and hesitation over value alignment, morality and legal formalism. |
Article |
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Journal | East European Yearbook on Human Rights, Issue 1 2021 |
Authors | Matthias C. Kettemann and Martin Fertmann |
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This study explores the spread of disinformation relating to the Covid-19 pandemic on the internet, dubbed by some as the pandemic’s accompanying “infodemic”, and the societal reactions to this development across different countries and platforms. The study’s focus is on the role of states and platforms in combatting online disinformation. |
Article |
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Journal | East European Yearbook on Human Rights, Issue 1 2021 |
Authors | Martin Fertmann and Matthias C. Kettemann |
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Terms-of-service based actions against political and state actors as both key subjects and objects of political opinion formation have become a focal point of the ongoing debates over who should set and enforce the rules for speech on online platforms. |
Case Reports |
2021/35 Supreme Court rules on constitutionality of Workplace Relations Commission (IR) |
Journal | European Employment Law Cases, Issue 3 2021 |
Keywords | Miscellaneous |
Authors | Laura Ryan |
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By a majority of 4-3, the Supreme Court of Ireland has held that the Workplace Relations Commission’s power to adjudicate disputes between employers and employees was not unconstitutional. However, the majority of the Supreme Court did find that certain aspects of the Commission’s procedures were unconstitutional, namely the blanket ban on public hearings and the lack of capacity for taking evidence on oath. The Workplace Relations Act 2015 and the Workplace Relations Commission procedures have consequently been amended to address these issues. This case report is a follow-up on EELC 2020/34. |
Conversations on restorative justice |
A talk with Fania Davis |
Journal | The International Journal of Restorative Justice, Issue 3 2021 |
Authors | Albert Dzur |
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Conversations on restorative justice |
A talk with Rasim Gjoka |
Journal | The International Journal of Restorative Justice, Issue 2 2021 |
Authors | Albert Dzur |
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Article |
Exploring the growth and development of restorative justice in Bangladesh |
Journal | The International Journal of Restorative Justice, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | restorative justice, Bangladesh, salish, village courts, INGOs |
Authors | Muhammad Asadullah and Brenda Morrison |
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Although restorative justice is a new concept in Bangladesh (BD), resolving wrongdoing outside the criminal justice system is not a new practice. Community-based mediation, known as salish, has been practised for centuries – withstanding colonisation, adaptation and distortion. Other practices, such as village courts and customary justice, are also prevalent in Bangladesh. Of these, village courts are currently the most widely practised in Bangladesh. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ Bangladesh) formally introduced restorative justice in 2013 with the support of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), NGOs, academics and government agencies. Most of the literature on community-based justice practice focuses on village courts; academic, peer-reviewed research on restorative justice in Bangladesh is scarce. This qualitative study explores the growth and development of restorative justice in Bangladesh. Using in-depth qualitative interviews and survey, the study retraces the genesis of restorative justice in Bangladesh. In recent times, GIZ Bangladesh has been key to the development of restorative justice, which was further expanded by UNDP’s Activating Village Courts project, as well as a graduate course on restorative justice at the University of Dhaka. This study also finds contentious themes raised by the key informants, specifically the role of INGOs, government and community. |
Notes from the field |
Restorative justice during and after COVID-19 |
Journal | The International Journal of Restorative Justice, Issue 2 2021 |
Authors | Ian D. Marder and Meredith Rossner |
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Article |
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Journal | The International Journal of Restorative Justice, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | temporality, transitional justice, restorative justice, Chile, ongoingness, multilayeredness & multidirectionality |
Authors | Marit de Haan and Tine Destrooper |
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Assumptions of linear progress and a clean break with the past have long characterised transitional justice interventions. This notion of temporality has increasingly been problematised in transitional justice scholarship and practice. Scholars have argued that a more complex understanding of temporalities is needed that better accommodates the temporal messiness and complexity of transitions, including their ongoingness, multilayeredness and multidirectionality. Existing critiques, however, have not yet resulted in a new conceptual framework for thinking about transitional temporalities. This article builds on insights from the field of restorative justice to develop such a framework. This framework foregrounds longer timelines, multilayered temporalities and temporal ecologies to better reflect reality on the ground and victims’ lived experiences. We argue that restorative justice is a useful starting point to develop such a temporal framework because of its actor-oriented, flexible and interactive nature and proximity to the field of transitional justice. Throughout this article we use the case of Chile to illustrate some of the complex temporal dynamics of transition and to illustrate what a more context-sensitive temporal lens could mean for such cases of unfinished transition. |
Book Review |
Ezzat A. Fattah, Restorative justice: society’s steady march towards a civilized justice paradigm |
Journal | The International Journal of Restorative Justice, Issue 2 2021 |
Authors | Silvia Randazzo |
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