Nowadays, electronic commerce plays a significant role in our society as internet transactions continue to grow in the business industry. Electronic commerce mainly refers to commercial transactions, such as business-to-business and business-to-consumer. Disputes are inevitable, part of our lives. Simultaneously by developing technology the need for an effective dispute resolution was obvious. Information communication technology and alternative dispute resolution together created online dispute resolution. Businesses and consumers are actively engaged in online dispute resolution. Therefore, the use of the internet makes business or consumer transactions easier. The online environment is much flexible when it comes to electronic commerce. This article focuses on online mediation, one of the most popular forms of online dispute resolution. |
Search result: 39 articles
The search results will be filtered on:Journal International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution x
Article |
Online Mediation and e-commerce (B2B and B2C) Disputes |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2021 |
Keywords | ODR, online Mediation, e-commerce, business-to business (B2B), business-to consumer (B2C) |
Authors | Mariam Skhulukhia |
AbstractAuthor's information |
Article |
|
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1 2021 |
Keywords | access to justice, digital divide, Artificial Intelligence, algorithms, Online Dispute Resolution |
Authors | Daniel Rainey and Larry Bridgesmith |
AbstractAuthor's information |
This article addresses three issues related to online dispute resolution (ODR) that offer promise, and may carry risks for those who develop, provide, and use technology to address disputes and confects. The authors offer some principles to guide the use of technology, and some predictions about the future of ODR. |
Article |
|
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2020 |
Keywords | European legislation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, civil procedure |
Authors | Rebecca Berto |
AbstractAuthor's information |
Alternative Dispute Resolution (=ADR) is a generic reference to consensus-based processes that provide an alternative to litigation and to binding arbitration procedures. Analysing European provisions, the European legislator pushes Alternative Dispute Resolution methods as a means of resolving not only consumer-to-business disputes but also business-to-business. This may determine over the long term a sort of ‘dejurisdictionalization’ process, moving disputes from tribunals to Alternative Dispute Resolution methods. Procedural rights, however, such as raising interpretative questions to the European Court of Justice, may only be exercised before a court. |
Article |
Paperless ArbitrationThe New Trend? |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2020 |
Keywords | paperless arbitration, arbitral practice and procedure, cybersecurity, new technology |
Authors | William Brillat-Capello, Laura Canet, Gillian Carmichael Lemaire e.a. |
AbstractAuthor's information |
A webinar organized by Laura Canet and William Brillat-Capello, with Gillian Carmichael Lemaire, Yulia Mullina, Sebastián Partida, Sarah Tulip, Sergey Alekhin as speakers |
Article |
The Role of the Seat in Smart Contract Disputes |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1 2020 |
Keywords | smart contracts, international commercial arbitration, blockchain technology, online arbitration |
Authors | Diana Itzel Santana Galindo |
AbstractAuthor's information |
Over the past few decades, international commercial arbitration has experienced major developments in various fields. A major recent development that will spread widely in the years to come relates to technology and the necessity of international commercial arbitration to adapt to the new needs of the market. The path of technological development in commerce is determined by forces other than the needs of legal practitioners. Moreover, the lack of real connection to a sole place, in disputes where the multi-parties have not selected the seat, can create serious obstacles for the arbitral proceedings in blockchain technology disputes. In this regard, smart contracts, however, appear to have identifiable parties with an identified physical point of connection that ultimately can be adapted to the existing place of the arbitration theory within the international arbitration legal framework. |
Article |
Online Dispute Resolution in a Traditional Justice System |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1 2020 |
Keywords | ODR, traditional justice system, insecure areas, Afghanistan |
Authors | Fathudin Yazdani |
AbstractAuthor's information |
This article examines the applicability of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) in Afghanistan. It evaluates whether ODR can resolve disputes in a traditional justice system, like Jirga, where the formal justice system is weak. This analysis questions whether ODR can complement the traditional jurisdiction system, where the public relies on customary practices to solve disputes. Further, the analysis focuses on the applicability of ODR in insecure areas, where access to formal judicial processes is limited. The findings from this study suggest the development of effective dispute resolution mechanisms in Afghanistan, mainly using ODR. |
Article |
Beyond the Singapore ConventionThe Importance of Creating a ‘Code of Disclosure’ to Make International Commercial Mediation Mainstream |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2019 |
Keywords | Singapore Convention, mediation, expectations, enforcement, commerce, international |
Authors | Ana Maria Maia Goncalves, François Bogacz and Daniel Rainey |
AbstractAuthor's information |
On 6 August 2019, the Singapore Convention on Mediation was announced. The Convention parallels the New York Convention for arbitration by moving to legitimize mediation as a dispute resolution method for international commercial transactions. The Convention tries, in particular, to address the enforceability of mediation settlements by referring to the application of mediation ‘standards’ in Article 5 (e). Mediation standards have been a controversial topic in professional circles since the rise of mediation as an alternative dispute resolution process, because of the extreme diversity of mediation approaches across the world. We argue that all stakeholders in the mediation ecosystem should focus on creating a ‘Code of Disclosure’ as a complement to the Singapore Convention, that such a ‘Code of Disclosure’ may be the first step towards a future ‘Uniform Code of Conduct’, and that a code of disclosure will bring certainty to parties about the international commercial mediation process, which is a key prerequisite for its true adoption. |
Article |
Access to Justice and the Role of ODR Inside and Outside Brazilian Courts |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2019 |
Keywords | online dispute resolution, access to justice, efficiency, technology |
Authors | Marco Rodrigues |
AbstractAuthor's information |
Getting cases decided in court within a reasonable time is a problem in many countries and in some cases can present a veritable crisis of justice. An alternative that is commonly used in judicial proceedings (at least in many civil law countries) is to hold a preliminary hearing in order to encourage a settlement. This article aims to analyse online dispute resolution as an efficient alternative to resolve the crisis of justice in Brazil. |
Article |
e-Court – Dutch Alternative Online Resolution of Debt Collection ClaimsA Violation of the Law or Blessing in Disguise? |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1 2019 |
Keywords | fair trial, money claims, judiciary, ECHR, arbitration |
Authors | Willemien Netjes and Arno R. Lodder |
AbstractAuthor's information |
In 2017, the Dutch alternative dispute resolution (ADR) initiative e-Court handled 20,000 debt collection claims via an online arbitration procedure, and this number was expected to double in 2018. In September of that same year, the Chairman for the Council of the Judiciary, Frits Bakker, argued on the Day for the Judiciary that in the future most lawsuits can be handled automatically and that a robot judge could work fast, efficiently and cheaply. However, in January 2018, Frits Bakker seemed to have changed his mind and criticized e-Court for its lack of impartiality, lack of transparency, unlawfully denying people the right to a state Court, and for being a ‘robot judge’. Ultimately, all criticism boiled down to one issue: that the defendant’s right to a fair trial was not sufficiently protected in e-Court’s procedure. This accusation led to a huge media outcry, and as a result Courts were no longer willing to grant an exequatur to e-Court’s arbitral awards until the Supreme Court had given its approval. This forced e-Court to temporarily halt its services. Questions such as ‘is arbitration desirable in the case of bulk debt collection procedures?’ and ‘are arbitration agreements in standard terms of consumer contracts desirable?’ are relevant and important, but inherently political. In this article, we argue that the conclusion of the judiciary and media that e-Court’s procedure is in breach of the right to a fair trial is not substantiated by convincing legal arguments. Our aim is not to evaluate whether online arbitration is the best solution to the debt collection claim congestion of Courts in the Netherlands, but instead to assess e-Court’s procedure in the light of Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights. The conclusion is that e-Court’s procedure sufficiently guarantees the right to a fair trial and thus that the criticism expressed was of a political rather than legal nature. |
Article |
Digital Identity for Refugees and Disenfranchised PopulationsThe ‘Invisibles’ and Standards for Sovereign Identity |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1 2019 |
Keywords | digital identity, sovereign identity, standards, online dispute resolution, refugees, access to justice |
Authors | Daniel Rainey, Scott Cooper, Donald Rawlins e.a. |
AbstractAuthor's information |
This white paper reviews the history of identity problems for refugees and disenfranchised persons, assesses the current state of digital identity programmes based in nation-states, offers examples of non-state digital ID programmes that can be models to create strong standards for digital ID programmes, and presents a call to action for organizations like International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). |
Part II Private Justice |
ADR-Rooted ODR Design in EuropeA Bet for the Future |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1-2 2018 |
Keywords | ODR, dispute system design, European law, redesign of ADR systems, artificial intelligence |
Authors | Fernando Esteban de la Rosa |
AbstractAuthor's information |
The new European regulatory framework has a greater significance than it expressly declares, both for the development of online dispute resolution (ODR) in Europe and for the structure of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) entities of the Member States. A close reading of the ADR Directive reveals an implicit but clear mandate for the development and intensive use of ODR tools by certified ADR entities that could lead to the creation of new ODR platforms. The new ADR/ODR regulatory framework shows a clear tendency to produce important transformations in the traditional ADR structure in every Member State. This article aims to identify criteria for the development of ODR in Europe and to discover the European law’s implicit mandates related to the redesign of the ADR structure in the Member States, while assessing the role of the Member States, the ADR entities and the European Union itself. |
Part II Private Justice |
Using Technology and ADR Methods to Enhance Access to Justice |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1-2 2018 |
Keywords | ODR, ADR, mediation, online court, e-court, consumer ADR, CADR, CDR, ombudsman |
Authors | Pablo Cortes |
AbstractAuthor's information |
This article discusses how technology and extrajudicial processes can provide a solution to the access-to-justice problem for self-represented litigants. The article first observes the need for efficient dispute resolution processes based on a wider concept of access to justice and argues for greater integration amongst courts and extrajudicial bodies, especially in the consumer sphere where dispute resolution bodies are currently undergoing an institutionalization process as a result of recent EU legislation. Accordingly, it is argued that access to justice for consumers will only be achieved if they have access to either an accountable and effective extrajudicial scheme that offers adjudication or a truly user-friendly and accessible online court that incorporates alternative dispute resolution techniques as the United Kingdom has endeavoured to deliver. To that end, this article examines the policy options for the English Online Court with a particular focus on the challenges faced by litigants in person. Finally, this article submits that dispute system design changes need to be informed by empirical research and a holistic policy strategy on dispute resolution. |
Part I Courts and ODR |
Recent Development of Internet Courts in China |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1-2 2018 |
Keywords | Internet court, ODR, AI, blockchain, regulation, fourth party |
Authors | Xuhui Fang |
AbstractAuthor's information |
Online dispute resolution (ODR) is growing out of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and pushing the envelope for resolving online disputes in the Internet courts in China. Recently, the Chinese Internet courts admitted blockchain-based evidence and applied artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, big data and virtual reality (VR) technology. The rapid development of Internet courts in China has implications for regulating AI-related technologies, which are playing the role of the ‘fourth party,’ and the interplay between the ‘third party’ and the ‘fourth party.’ |
Part II Private Justice |
Reputational Feedback Systems and Consumer RightsImproving the European Online Redress System |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1-2 2018 |
Keywords | reputational feedback systems, consumer’s protection, dispute resolution, ADR, ODR, enforceability, ecommerce, European redress system small claims |
Authors | Aura Esther Vilalta Nicuesa |
AbstractAuthor's information |
The European Union single market needs to tackle an outstanding issue to boost competitiveness and growth: a trust-based redress framework that ensures the effectiveness of consumers’ rights. The current disparities among dispute resolution mechanisms, added to the fact that in practice many do not guarantee participation and enforceability, are serious obstacles to this goal. Trust and the integration of certain dispute avoidance tools added to the regulation of some common enforcement mechanisms are key issues in the field of consumer protection. The goal of this article is to offer some insights within the context of the European Union legislative proposals aimed at improving the current redress system. |
Article |
ODR4Refugees through a Smartphone App |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1 2017 |
Keywords | refugees, ODR, mediation, smartphone, disputes |
Authors | Petros Zourdoumis |
AbstractAuthor's information |
For the past two years we have been monitoring in Greece several refugee related disputes such as disputes between refugees, intercultural disputes, disputes between refugees and the local community and disputes between refugees and the camp administration. We have also noticed that almost all refugees had smartphones as they were easy to carry with them and allow them to stay connected with those left behind or been relocated. Therefore in order to offer dispute resolution services we had to address two main issues: mobility & speed. We thought that technology could fit perfectly in this context. So, we decided, to develop a smartphone application for refugees that could create the environment for ODR. The App will not only resolve disputes online but try to prevent disputes or their escalation. Some of its innovative features will be personalized texts, language selection, disputes menu, automatic appointment of mediator, case filing, video, audio and text communication. It will have a friendly interface and be very easy to use even for those who have limited knowledge of technology and its download and use will be free for all refugees. The process will be conducted online by specially trained mediators and will be informal & flexible. |
Article |
Equal Access to Information & Justice: A Report on the Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) Forum 2017The Huge Potential of ODR, Greatly Underexplored (Paris, France, 12 and 13 June 2017) |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1 2017 |
Keywords | ODR, equal access, justice online, information online, ICC |
Authors | Mirèze Philippe |
AbstractAuthor's information |
This article is a brief report on the two-day conference on ‘Equal Access to Information & Justice, Online Dispute Resolution’, organized by the ICC in Paris on 12-13 June. Over 160 lawyers, magistrates, academics, researchers, dispute resolution organizations and online dispute resolution providers, from over 30 countries and representing each continent debated about the use of technology for the resolution of all types of disputes. The 60 speakers explored the future of dispute resolution and the role of technology in all legal fields, from mediation in conflict zones, to commercial and civil disputes. The huge potentials greatly underexplored were discussed. It was noted that much remains to be done to educate users and convince state courts, dispute resolution organizations, merchants and other services’ providers to offer access to justice online. Efforts must be undertaken to allow users seek remedy in an affordable way. The solution for an equal access to justice is to make such access available online. The issues of ethics and standards were also discussed, as well as the increase concern of data protection and cybersecurity. The recording of the discussions on the panels are available on the ICC Digital Library (ICCDRL). |
Article |
The New World Order in Dispute ResolutionBrexit and the Trump Presidency |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 1 2017 |
Keywords | dispute resolution, Brexit, Donald Trump, technology, trade |
Authors | Ijeoma Ononogbu |
AbstractAuthor's information |
The Brexit vote and Donald J Trump as the leader of the Free world in 2016 brought in a new world order. Two hugely important and unexpected events of 2016. Both have called into question the stability of established international commercial dispute resolution schemes in the United Kingdom and the United States in our tech savvy world. As the impact of both events unfolds, adaptations made to the existing dispute resolution schemes will be negotiated and the role that technology can play in the new approaches to international commercial dispute resolution will be determined. Consequently, there has been the changing face of Western politics after the Cold War, based on traditional group identity giving way to an uncertain landscape in which the political class struggle to define. The impact and disruption of technology in politics has given everyone a voice regardless of social class. Consequently, the EU under Mr Juncker and the UK Prime Minister seem to have mutual respect in their negotiations, given that the UK has made a number of notable concessions in order to move the trade discussions forward. |
Article |
|
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2017 |
Keywords | Online Dispute Resolution, ODR, ADR, e-Commerce |
Authors | Hiroki Habuka and Colin Rule |
AbstractAuthor's information |
Information technology has dramatically changed the way consumers and businesses transact around the world. Many consumer goods (such as videos, music and software) are purchased online through the Internet instead of through physical stores. Businesses have similarly migrated many of their commercial transactions online, including proposals, due diligence, negotiation and signing. However, most dispute resolution processes have not yet made a similar move; they occur face-to-face, even when the dispute arose online. This has led to a new type of dispute resolution, called ODR (or Online Dispute Resolution). ODR is the use of technology to resolve disputes, and it is being promoted in many countries around the world as a model for civil justice in an online age. North America and the European Union (EU) have aggressively promoted ODR, and there are many ODR projects currently underway. As one of the leading online economies in the world, Japan is facing many of the same challenges as the rest of the world in providing fast and fair resolutions to online consumers. But to date, ODR has not gotten much traction in Japan. Recently, the Japanese Consumer Network published a report about ODR for cross-border e-commerce transactions and encouraged the government to establish a working group for implementation of ODR. However, discussion by multiple stakeholders towards practical implementation of ODR has not yet started in earnest. This article aims to focus the discussion about how to implement ODR in Japan, providing information about the latest developments in global ODR frameworks and envisioning the challenges ODR faces in the Japanese market. |
Article |
The Law of Consumer Redress in an Evolving Digital MarketUpgrading from Alternative to Online Dispute Resolution |
Journal | International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Issue 2 2017 |
Keywords | e-Commerce, Online Dispute Resolution, Alternative Dispute Resolution, consumer redress |
Authors | Pablo Cortés |
AbstractAuthor's information |
This article contains the Introduction of a book with the same title recently published by Cambridge University Press, which is reproduced here with its permission. The book offers an updated analysis of the various consumer dispute resolution processes, its laws and best practices, which are collectively referred as the Law of Consumer Redress. The book argues that many consumer redress systems, and in particular publicly certified Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) entities, are more than a mere dispute resolution mechanism as they provide a public service for consumers that complements, and often replaces, the role of the courts. In examining the current redress models (i.e., public enforcement, private enforcement and other market options), the book calls for greater integration amongst these various redress options. It also advocates, inter alia, for processes that encourage parties to participate in ADR processes, settle meritorious claims and ensure extrajudicial enforcement of final outcomes. Lastly, the book calls for a more efficient rationalization of certified ADR entities, which should be better coordinated and accessible through technological means. |